Volume 3, 2025 – Issue 3
Artificial intelligence in early childhood education from 2014-2024: A systematic review of applications, trends, and research gaps
Rebecca Achiaa 
1 *, Atika Ramzan 2, Isaac Mawuena Agbogah 3, and Dennis Ampadu Nkansah 4
1, 2 School of Teacher Education, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
3 School of Business, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
4 Department of business and health studies, York St John University, London.
Corresponding author: achiaarebecca@gmail.com
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17272192
Abstract
This systematic review examines the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in early childhood education (ECE) from 2014 to 2024, analyzing 175 peer-reviewed studies to identify trends, applications, and research gaps. The study reveals exponential growth in AI-ECE research, particularly after 2018, driven by advancements in machine learning and natural language processing. Analysis identified dominant application domains: language and literacy development (42% of studies), cognitive enhancement (30%), and social-emotional learning (18%), with special education applications representing the remaining 10%. Methodologically, empirical studies constituted 65% of publications, with a prevalence of experimental designs (40%) and a scarcity of longitudinal studies (10%). A critical finding is the minimal involvement of educators in AI development processes (only 15% of studies), highlighting a significant research-practice gap. While emerging multimodal AI systems show promise, significant gaps persist in ethical considerations, real-world implementation, and teacher collaboration. The review concludes with recommendations for future research, emphasizing the need for ethical frameworks, longitudinal studies, and stronger collaboration between researchers and practitioners to ensure AI complements human-centric pedagogy in early learning environments.
Keywords: artificial intelligence, early childhood education, systematic review, educational technology, research trends, AI ethics.
Published
2025/10/15
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Section
Research Papers
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Achiaa, R., Ramzan, A., Agbogah, I. M., & Nkansah, D. A. (2025). Artificial intelligence in early childhood education from 2014-2024: A systematic review of applications, trends, and research gaps. The International Journal of Technology, Innovation, and Education, 3(3), 88–101. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17272192
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Achiaa, Rebecca, Atika Ramzan, Isaac Mawuena Agbogah, and Dennis Ampadu Nkansah. 2025. “Artificial Intelligence in Early Childhood Education from 2014-2024: A Systematic Review of Applications, Trends, and Research Gaps.” The International Journal of Technology, Innovation, and Education 3 (3): 88–101. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17272192.
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Achiaa, Rebecca, et al. “Artificial Intelligence in Early Childhood Education from 2014-2024: A Systematic Review of Applications, Trends, and Research Gaps.” The International Journal of Technology, Innovation, and Education, vol. 3, no. 3, Oct. 2025, pp. 88–101, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17272192.
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R. Achiaa, A. Ramzan, I. M. Agbogah, and D. A. Nkansah, “Artificial intelligence in early childhood education from 2014-2024: A systematic review of applications, trends, and research gaps,” The International Journal of Technology, Innovation, and Education, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 88–101, Oct. 2025, doi: 10.5281/zenodo.17272192.
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Achiaa, R. et al. (2025) “Artificial intelligence in early childhood education from 2014-2024: A systematic review of applications, trends, and research gaps,” The International Journal of Technology, Innovation, and Education, 3(3), pp. 88–101. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17272192.
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Achiaa R, Ramzan A, Agbogah IM, Nkansah DA. Artificial intelligence in early childhood education from 2014-2024: A systematic review of applications, trends, and research gaps. The International Journal of Technology, Innovation, and Education [Internet]. 2025 Oct 15;3(3):88–101. Available from: https://ijtie.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/N30358.pdf
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Achiaa, R., Ramzan, A., Agbogah, I. M., & Nkansah, D. A. (2025). Artificial intelligence in early childhood education from 2014-2024: A systematic review of applications, trends, and research gaps. The International Journal of Technology, Innovation, and Education, 3(3), 88–101. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17272192
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About the authors
- Rebecca Achiaa is a postgraduate researcher specializing in artificial intelligence-assisted learning within early childhood education. Her research interests center on cognitive development, language acquisition, and educational technology innovation. As the principal author of this study, she led the conceptualization, data synthesis, and writing process, promoting equitable and appropriate applications of AI in early learning contexts.
achiaarebecca@gmail.com
↩︎ - Atika Ramzan is currently pursuing her Master’s degree in Education, specializing in Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) at NUIST. She is an expert in language and education curriculum development and learning strategies. Her research focuses on innovative teaching methods and the impact of curriculum design on student learning outcomes.
atikaramzan681@gmail.com
↩︎ - Isaac Mawuena Agbogah is currently pursuing his MBA at Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Information Science from the University of Ghana. His academic interests encompass investment strategies, consumer behavior, business data analysis, and the integration of information systems in strategic decision-making. He is particularly passionate about database management, sustainable productivity, artificial intelligence, business analytics, data analytics, the digital economy, e-commerce, fintech, information technology, and social media. With prior experience in corporate management and entrepreneurship, he seeks to bridge academic research with practical business innovation to enhance leadership effectiveness and digital transformation in emerging markets.
isaacagbogah1@gmail.com
↩︎ - Dr. Dennis Ampadu Nkansah, DVM, MPH, is a researcher dedicated to advancing the intersection of animal health, human health, and the environment. With a strong background in veterinary medicine and health promotion, Dr. Nkansah focuses on translational research and the implementation of one health approaches to prevent and control emerging infectious diseases.
kabilla223@gmail.com
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