Volume 4, 2026 – Issue 2
Soft Skills in Moroccan Higher Education: Students’ Perceptions and Integration Challenges
Habiba Hafa 
1, Farida Mokhtari 2 *, and Aziza Taraf 3
Faculty of Science, Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fes, Morocco
* Corresponding author: farida.mokhtari@usmba.ac.ma
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20575607
Abstract
Fostering holistic learning and preparing graduates for a successful workplace requires not only technical competencies but also well-developed soft skills. This study investigates students’ perceptions of soft skills, as well as their integration and development at the Faculty of Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Morocco. A structured, closed-ended questionnaire was administered to 250 undergraduate students as part of a quantitative, descriptive research design. The findings indicate that students report high agreement on the importance of soft skills such as communication, teamwork, and adaptability for professional success. However, the results also reveal that university curricula do not adequately integrate these skills, as most courses continue to rely on traditional, lecture-based approaches. Students identified several barriers to soft skills development, including limited resources, insufficient faculty training, and a strong emphasis on theoretical knowledge. Despite these challenges, participants expressed clear preferences for interactive and experiential learning approaches, particularly workshops, internships, and project-based learning. The study highlights the need for curriculum reform, targeted faculty development, and stronger collaboration between universities and industry to better align higher education with labour market demands in Morocco.
Keywords: soft skills, higher education, student perceptions, instructional approaches, challenges
Published
2026/06/07
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Section
Research Papers
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Hafa, H., Mokhtari, F., & Taraf, A. (2026). Soft skills in Moroccan higher education: Students’ perceptions and integration challenges. The International Journal of Technology, Innovation, and Education, 4(2), 251–265. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20575607
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Hafa, Habiba, Farida Mokhtari, and Aziza Taraf. 2026. “Soft Skills in Moroccan Higher Education: Students’ Perceptions and Integration Challenges.” The International Journal of Technology, Innovation, and Education 4 (2): 251–65. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20575607.
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Hafa, Habiba, et al. “Soft Skills in Moroccan Higher Education: Students’ Perceptions and Integration Challenges.” The International Journal of Technology, Innovation, and Education, vol. 4, no. 2, June 2026, pp. 251–65, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20575607.
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H. Hafa, F. Mokhtari, and A. Taraf, “Soft skills in Moroccan higher education: Students’ perceptions and integration challenges,” The International Journal of Technology, Innovation, and Education, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 251–265, Jun. 2026, doi: 10.5281/zenodo.20575607.
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Hafa, H., Mokhtari, F. and Taraf, A. (2026) “Soft skills in Moroccan higher education: Students’ perceptions and integration challenges,” The International Journal of Technology, Innovation, and Education, 4(2), pp. 251–265. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20575607.
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Hafa H, Mokhtari F, Taraf A. Soft skills in Moroccan higher education: Students’ perceptions and integration challenges. The International Journal of Technology, Innovation, and Education [Internet]. 2026 June 7;4(2):251–65. Available from: https://ijtie.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/N40213.pdf
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Hafa, H., Mokhtari, F., & Taraf, A. (2026). Soft skills in Moroccan higher education: Students’ perceptions and integration challenges. The International Journal of Technology, Innovation, and Education, 4(2), 251–265. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20575607
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About the authors
- Habiba Hafa is a researcher and professor of English at Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA) in Fes, Morocco. She is an experienced educator and researcher who has served as a high school teacher of English since 2007. She holds a Master’s degree in Applied Linguistics from Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University in Fes, alongside a specialized diploma in English Teaching and Psycho-pedagogy. Her academic research focuses on the integration of ICT in education, distance learning, and the evolving role of AI in developing student soft skills.
habibahafa1@gmail.com ↩︎ - Farida Mokhtari is a Moroccan scholar and Professor of Literary and Cultural Studies at Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University in Fes, Morocco. After earning her Doctorate in English Literature, she has built an extensive academic career focusing on postcolonial literature, gender equality, and digital literacy in higher education. Dr. Mokhtari is actively engaged in international research networks and is widely published in her fields of expertise.
farida.mokhtari@usmba.ac.ma ↩︎ - Aziza Taraf is a Moroccan academic and professor at Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University in Fes, Morocco. Her research primarily centers on higher education, focusing on the integration of transversal competencies, 21st century soft skills, and public speaking methodologies. As an educator, she actively coordinates student debate contests and co-authors studies examining educational challenges within the Moroccan university system.
aziza.taraf@gmail.com ↩︎
